Iziklasi zezimali zokufaka zizinga ziphi kufanele isistimu yesikhanda sifanele ukuthi isetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa izinkundla ezinkulu?

Ukuvimbela kwezinkundla kuhlukile kwezinkundla zokufinyelela ngokujwayelekileyo

Isistimu sezinkundla esisebenzisa kuzo izinkundla zezinkundla zokuphakama sibuyela amalayisha afanayo nezinkundla zokufinyelela ezisebenzisa kuzo ukuphatha noma ukusebenza kwezinsuku ezincinci. Ukuchaza akukho kuphela ngomkhulu wamalayisha—kuyinto yohlobo lwemalayisha, ukugcina kwezimalayisha, nokude kokuba kuyasebenza kulezi zimalayisha.

Amasakazi okusakaza amasakazi akhokelela izinkumbu zokwakha noma izibhlokolo, izipalithi zokukhanya, nokuthi abantu bakhokelela kona. Izilimi ziyisikhephe, futhi zingaba zihlukene kahle, futhi ziyaphila iminyaka noma imizuzu njengoba umsebenzi wokwakha uyaphila. Isakazi esiyisikhephe kakhulu ukusakaza abantu abasebenzisa i-drywall singasikhephe kakhulu ukusakaza abantu abayisebenzisa izibhlokolo zokukhanya.

Isistandare saseYurophu EN 12811-1 isetshenziswa izikhathi zesixhenxe esishonile ezinesixhenxe esishonile ezinesixhenxe esishonile. Lezi zikhathi zisondela izilimi ezisakazini ngokuphelele nezilimi ezisakazini ngokuphelele. Ukusakaza okuphelele kokwakha, izikhathi eziphambili ziyashiywa kuClass 3 futhi ziyahamba kuClass 6, ngokwesikhathi sokusebenzisa izinto zokwakha nezindlela.

Izikhathi ezesixhenxe esishonile ezinesixhenxe esishonile ezinesixhenxe esishonile ngaphansi kweEN 12811-1

EN 12811-1 yindlela yokusebenza emhlabeni yase-Europe eya kuseta izinkinga zokusebenza nezindlela zokulungisa isikhundla sokufuna nokusebenza. Iyashintsha izindlela zokusebenza zasezizwe ezidala, njengokwesifundo sase-UK sesi-BS 5973, ekwenzeni ukulungisa ngokushesha kakhulu.

Amathupha ayisithupha ayisodwa njengalokulandelayo:

Izilimi 1 nezilimi 2 zezikhombisa ziyasebenza kulezi zinto ozikufanele ukuzibhala kuzo izinto zokubhakha nezinqubo. Isilimi 3 sikhulu kakhulu kulezi zinto zokubhakha zonke apho kubhakwa kwezinto kusuka kusendleleni. Izilimi 4 kuze kuye kwezilimi 6 ziyisikhombisa sokubhakha kwezinkundla ezenkulu.

Ukuthi izilimi 4, 5, nezilimi 6 zithini ngempela kusendleleni

Isilimi 4 (umkhosi wokubhakha ophakeme kakhulu we-3.0 kN/m², umkhosi wokubhakha ophakeme kakhulu we-2.0 kN) uyabhalwa kubhakha kwezinkundla nezibhakho kwezinkundla apho izinto zibhakwa kusendleleni ngemiphumela eminane. Umphakelo wamabhrikhi uyabhekana ne-1.5 kuze kuye ne-2.0 tonnes, kodwa le mkhosi iyadistribuwa kusendleleni yomkhosi. Umkhosi wokubhakha ophakeme kakhulu uyadinga kakhulu ukubhakha kwezibhakho kusendleleni noma umkhosi wokubhakha ophakeme kakhulu wokubhakha kwezibhakho kusendleleni.

Isigaba 5 (i-4.5 kN/m2, 3.0 kN egxile) sikhulisa amandla okufaka izinto ezisindayo zokwakha, amabhlogo amakhulu kakhonkolo, noma izimo lapho ama-pallet amaningi ehlelwe endaweni eyodwa. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Class 4 ne-Class 5 ungase ungabonakali umkhulu ephepheni, kodwa endaweni, umehluko phakathi kwesikhonkwane esibonakala siqinile ngaphansi kwezinyawo nesikhonkwane esiqhekeka futhi siphenduke lapho i-forklift ibeka phansi i-pallet.

Isigaba 6 (6.0 kN/m2, 3.0 kN egxile) isigaba esindayo. Lokhu yilokho okucaciswayo lapho kufakwa amapaneli kakhonkolo, ukwakhiwa kwamatshe amakhulu, noma kunoma yisiphi isimo lapho isakhiwo sisekela khona kahle indawo yokugcina izinto ezincane. Izidingo zesakhiwo kuleli zinga zidinga amazinga wedayimitha enkulu, isikhala esifushane, nokuqiniswa okuqinile .

Ilungiselelo "Lokucindezela Indawo Ngokwengxenye" Elishintsha Konke

Enye yemibandela engabonakali kangako kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ku-EN 12811-1 yi-partial area load allowance. Izinga liyaqaphela ukuthi imithwalo ayihlali isakazwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ipulatifomu. Iphalethi lezitini elihlala ekhoneni elilodwa likhiqiza umthwalo ogxile ophakeme kunalokho okucatshangwa umthwalo ovamile.

Le nqubo ivumela lokhu ngokucacisa kokubili izidingo zomthwalo ofanayo noxubekile. Kodwa umphumela wangempela uwukuthi isakhiwo esibhalwe ukuthi singase silayishwe ngendlela efanayo esigabeni 4 singase sivele singaphumeleli uma umthwalo ogxile ku-pallet eyodwa udlula umlinganiselo ogxile esigabeni 4. Yingakho abacacisa kudingeka babheke izinombolo zombili, hhayi nje ukubizwa kwesigaba.

Isilimi esithile kwe-Middle East sifundile leli sibonelo ngokusebenzisa amaphaneli we-stone kusilimi esiphakeme. Isilimi sasishicilelwe njenge-Clas 4 ngokubhekana nezindlela zokulayisha izindawo ezinamandla amaningi. Kodwa amaphaneli we-stone abefundiwe ngemikrati ngokupheleleyo, ngoba yonke imikrati ibewa ngemitha engu-1.5, futhi umkhumbi wabeka emaphanelini kuzindawo eziyisodwa ngokwesikhathi sokuhamba kwesilimi. Amakhanda amandla akhona kulezi zindawo ayekhankanyisa i-Clas 4. Isilimi sasihlala—kancane kuphela—buthe ukuguqula kwakukhona kubonakala, futhi umthengisi wendawo wabika ukuthi kufuneka kwenziwe isilimi sesi-5 kuzo zonke izindlela ezingezayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kubhishwe imali futhi kubuyiselwe isikhathi, konke ngoba akakwazi ukubheka ukuthi kunezindawo eziphakeme zokulayisha.

Ngaphezu Kwesikhathi Sokulayisha: Ukuphindaphinda Kwezindawo, Isikhala Sesandla, Futhi Ukuphindaphinda Kwezindawo Zokugcina

Ukuphindaphinda kwezindawo kuphela akakwazi ukubiza konke. Isikhathi sokulayisha sesilimi sisebenza ngokuphindaphinda kwezindawo, isikhala sesandla, ukuphindaphinda kwezindawo zokugcina, futhi ukuxhuma phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Ukuthi isikhalo esikhulu sasembonini, ukuphakamisa kwezindawo zokugcina kufanele kuchazwe. Isikhalo esisodwa se-3.0-meter esebenza kahle kwiClass 3 kufanele kuchazwe ku-2.0 noma ku-2.5 meters ukusuka kuClass 5 noma kuClass 6. Amasimbi okuphakama kufanele kuba ne-diameter enkulu—60.3 mm OD engakwazi ukubhekisa izinkinga ezinkulu zokuphakama ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwe-48.3 mm. .

Ukubekwa kwamabhasi kuyadinga ukuthi kwenziwe kahle. Izinkinga ezinkulu zithwala izinkinga zokuphakama ngokwesibopho, ikakhulukazi xa isikhalo sithwaleka ngumoya noma xa izinto zihambelana emuva noma phambi kwesikhalo. Ukubekwa kwamabhasi okuphakama ngokwesibopho kuzo zonke izindawo kungafuneki kakhulu kuClass 5 futhi kangaka.

Ukudesigna kokugcina kuyindlela esikhundleni. Isistimu esishiyekayo ngokwesikhundla njenge-ringlock ishuma izinkinga ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izindawo ngoba isikhundla sonke sithola ukugcina kuzo zonke izindawo. lokhu kushuma izinkinga kuzo zonke izindawo kungakhethi ukuthi isikhalo singathola izinkinga ezingaphezulu ngokusebenzisa izinto ezincane kune-sistimu esingagcina kuphela kuzo zonke izindawo ezine.

Kutheni Kufika Uma Uqondile Ngokungafanele I-Load Class

Ukukhetha isikhala esingasemthwakweni sokuthuthukisa izinkundla sikhombisa izinkinga ezizinga kunezinkinga zokuphuluka kwesikhundla. Ingxenye enkulu yezinkinga ziyizwelelo ezingaphezu kwezinye—umkhaya waphakamisa ngokugcwele, okuyenza ukuthi izihlangothi zokufaka amasonto zihambelane, amasonto akhanyayo ayakhona, noma abasebenzi bahlupheke. Izwelelo ezingaphezu kwezinye zokubaluleka kwezinye azikwazi ukuthi zithuthukise, kodwa kungahleli ukusebenza kwamasonto futhi kuzokwenza ukuthi kubuyiselwe ngokuphakeme.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha okuningi kakhulu kusisa imali emayini engakudingeki. Isikhala se-Clas 6 sibiza imali enkulu ukuthi sifunde, sithathe isikhathi eside ukuthi sibuyeke, futhi sikhulula isikhathi esiningi se-crane ukuthi sifaka izinto eziningi. Ingxenye enkulu yezinkinga yomphathi yokuqondisa kukhetha isikhala sokuthuthukisa ngokuhambisana nezimo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhetha okuphezulu noma okuphansi kakhulu.

I-EN 12811-1 iyalungiselela indlela yokuthi kwenziwe le mpangano. Kodwa le standard ayisebenzi kuphela uma umthwakuli ayisombulula ngokuphelele amandla okusebenzisa—kodwa akayi kuphela ubuninzi bamasu, kodwa amandla okuhambisa okuhambisanayo, amandla okugcina okufanana, nokude kokubhekwa kwale mandla. Isikhwama esifanele kusukela isigodi esinye sokusebenza ngamakhilogramu amancane singasifanele kusukela isigodi esikhulu sokusebenza ngamakhilogramu amaningi, nakuba ubuninzi bemandla bayilingana, ngoba ukuguqula kwamandla okusebenza kusukela kusukela kuyabonisa ukuthi izinkundla ziyadlula ngokuphelele.

Abathengi abafana no-STL Sun abathengisa izikhwama zokusebenza ngezindlela ezifanayo zokuphakanyiswa kwezinkundla, izindlela ezifanayo zokuphakanyiswa kwezinkundla, nezinhlobo zemithi ezingenekileyo ziyabona ukuthi ubuninzi bemandla bayingenekileyo kuyabonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele emsebenzini. Le standard iyasetshenziswa njengokucacile; ubukhulu bekuthengisa kuyadetermina ukuthi le minima ibonakala ngokuphelele ngokusha ngokusha, usuku ngusuku.