Kungani i-profil ye-w beam esayini yokuqondisa ngokwesibonelo esikhulu sokuqondisa ukuthi isebenza kahle kusukela kwezinyathelo zokuphakanyisa?

I-shape ye-W othweleke kuqondisa umkhosi wasezweni wonke

I-corrugated steel w-beam guardrail yisistimu esiyisisekelo sokuthinteka kwesikhathi sokuphakanyisa esihlukaniswa kakhulu emaphakathini. Iyasetshenziselwa kwezindlu zokuphakanyisa kuzo zonke izindlu ezingu-2 ezimnandi kuma-urban expressways, kuma-bridge approaches kuma-median barriers. Ukudesigni kwasuswa ngeminyaka eminingi, kodwa i-geometry yesibonelo—i-steel sheet eyadlulwa ngokwesifuba se-W shape ngezinyathelo ezinkulu ezihamba ngokwesikhathi—kwaye kuyasendleleni ngokuphambili.

Umbuzo akakwazi ukuthi i-W-beam isebenza. Kuyakwazi kakhulu. Umbuzo uyisiphi leprofayili, noma lezinye iziqu zokukhupha, ibonakala ngokwezinye iziqu zokukhupha, iziqu zokukhupha ezincane, nezinye iziqu zokubambisana kusuka kwezinye iziqu zokubambisana ngokwesikhathi sokunqamuka. Impendulo ibalulekile kumisebenzi wokuthi lebeam ishitha njani ngokwesikhathi sokunqamuka futhi lezinye iziqu zokukhupha ziyathola indawo yokuthi imvelo yokuqamuka iyadlula ngaphakathi kwesiqondiso.

Amathathu Amasimu Okushitha, Ibeam Eningi

Lapha umoto udlula ku-W-beam guardrail, lebeam iyathola imvelo ngamatatu amasimu okushitha okuhlanganisa.

Kwesokunye ukushitha kwesiqondiso sokubambisana . Iprofayili ye-W akakwazi ukuthi yilungile kuphela—kuyizinhlobo zezinhlobo zokukhupha ezinokuflatheka, ukutwista, nokubuklela ngendlela esingakwaziyo ukwenza ngokwesikrini esihlukene. Lezinhlobo zokukhupha ziyadala izinhlobo zokuvulwa ozokwenzela ukuthi lebeam ishitha ngokuphakeme, ukuthola imvelo ngokuphakeme kodwa akakwazi ukuthola imvelo ngokwesikhathi sokunqamuka sokuphakeme.

Kwesibili ukushitha kwesikhathi sokuflexural . Umthungo uyagoba, wenze ijika eliqondisa kabusha imoto. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwezinto kugcina amandla futhi kuwashise ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezinto ezenziwe ngensimbi.

Okwesithathu ukuguqulwa kwendawo ezisekelweni . Lapho ugongolo lunamathela ezinsikeni, ama-currugations agxila ekucindezeleni ngendlela ebonakalayo, avumele ugongolo ukuba ludabuke noma lunikeze endaweni ethile kunokuba luhluleke ngokuzumayo endaweni yokuxhuma.

Ukudlidliza okujulile kukhulisa zonke izindlela ezintathu. Uhlaka olucwebile lwaluyophenduka kodwa lungakwazi ukumelana nokuguqulwa kwesigaba - lwaluyovele lugobeke njengesiqeshana sephepha. Ngokuphambene, ukuma kwe-W kunikeza ukujula kwesakhiwo okumelana nokushwabana kuze kube yilapho insimbi ifinyelela amandla okuvuna, bese iguquka ngokulandelana okulawulwayo, okudonsa amandla.

Kungani Ukujula Kunendaba: Isigaba Modulus Argument

Ukusebenza kahle kwebha ye-wav kungokomthamo womugqa, okuyisilinganiso sokumelana nokugoba komugqa. I-W-beam's corrugations yandisa i-modulus yomngcele ngaphandle kokwengeza isisindo esibalulekile sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ipuleti lensimbi eyisicaba enobukhulu obufanayo linomthamo ophansi kakhulu wesigamu ngoba zonke izinto ezikhona zisezingeni elilodwa. Ukuma kuka-W kususa ingxenye yaleyo nto ohlangothini olungahlangene, lapho kunomthelela omkhulu khona ekumelaneni nokugoba.

Izinduku ezijulile ezijulile ngokuvamile ezingamamilimitha angu-75 kuya kwangu-85 ukujula kwe-W-beam evamilezakha ugongolo oluqinile ohlangothini oluqondile kodwa oluguquguqukayo ohlangothini olungaqondile. Yilokho kanye okudingekayo ukuze kube nesivikelo: siqine ngokwanele ukuba siqondise imoto ngaphandle kokuba ugongolo luwele ngaphansi kwamasondo, kodwa siguquguquke ngokwanele ukuba siphenduke kancane kancane futhi simunce amandla ngaphandle kokuqhuma.

Izindonga ezincane, noma ugongolo oluhlaza, luyoba lukhuni kakhulu (lwenza ukusheshisa okukhulu futhi imoto ingase iphenduke) noma lube buthakathaka kakhulu (luvumele imoto ukuba idlule). Ukujula kwe-W-beam kuyindawo yokulinganisela elungiselelwe ngokucophelela.

Ukulandelana Kokubhujiswa Okuqhubekayo

Kunye kwezinkulungwane ezikhulu zokubhala kwe-W-beam kukuthi kufana ngokuphelela ngokuphakanyiswa kungakhathazeki. Lapho umoto udlula kusuka kumkhombolo wokubhala, izikhalo ziyadlula. Ngelixa lebeham ephakanyiswa, ukudlula kuyaphinda ngokuphakanyiswa kwebeham, kusukela kubeka ubugcisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi.

Lokhu kufana ngokuphakanyiswa kuyabeka amandla okuphakanyiswa kumkhiyana kusukela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphakanyiswa. Uma beham ayafani ngokuphakanyiswa kusukela kuzo zonke izinhlobo, umoto uzobona ukuphakanyiswa kokuqala. Kodwa, amandla ayagcina ngokuphakanyiswa njengoba kubeka kwebeham kuyagcina ukuphakanyiswa kwezinhlobo eziningi.

Izikhali ezide ziyakwenza lokhu kufana ngokuphakanyiswa ngokuthi izikhali ziyakwenza izikhali eziningi zokuhlanganisa. Ngelixa lebeham iyagcina, izikhali ziyagcina futhi ziyahamba ngokuphakanyiswa kwebeham, kusukela kubeka ubugcisa phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi. Ibeham enezikhali ezincane ziyagcina ngokuphakanyiswa kusukela kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Amazwi okubona ngokwesibonelo kwezifunda zokuphuma kwemithambo ayisikhelela ukuthi izihlangothi zesikhumba sezinkampani zokuphuma kwemithambo ezingcwele kanye nezinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo ezinamathuba okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo—ezinamathuba okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo ngezinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo ezingcwele kanye nezinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo ezingcwele—zibonisa leli ubunzima obukhuluma ngokuphakeme ngokuphakeme. Izinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo ozokungahlanzwa kulezi zinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo, na kusukela kwezinhlobo ezincane kunezinhlobo ezinamathuba okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo noma kwezinhlobo ezincane kunezinhlobo ezinamathuba okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo, zibonisa izinhlobo zokuphuma kwemithambo ezingcwele.

Ubude Bekhanda Nokuhlanganiswa Kwesikhumba

Izikhumba azisebenza ngokwesibonelo. Ukuchazwa kwezikhumba nokuhlanganiswa kwesikhumba kunamandla okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesikhumba kuyimandla yokukhuluma ngokwesibonelo. Ikhanda lesikhumba esinamathuba okukhuluma ngokwesibonelo isebenzisa ikhanda lesikhumba (ngokwesibonelo 2.7 mm).

Ukukhula kwekhanda kuzoba yimandla yokukhuluma ngokwesibonelo kodwa kuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda kanye nokukhula kwezinkinga, kanye nokwenza ukuthi ikhanda libe yilungile—okuzoba yimandla yokukhuluma ngokwesibonelo. Ukuncane kwekhanda kuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda kodwa kuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda okuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda okuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda okuzoba yimandla yokukhula kwekhanda. Ukukhuluma ngokwesibonelo kwekhanda kuyimandla yokukhuluma ngokwesibonelo kwekhanda.

Ukuchaza kwezinkqubo zokugqibela kwizikhumba zokugqibela kubonisa ukuthi i-energi yokungena ishitha ngamathuba onke amathathu okugqibela okusebenza ngokuhlanganisa. Izikhumba zisinda ukuthi ukugqibela kusale kude kwezikhumba engakadlula kumlando wokuphuma, kodwa akasindeli kumlando wokuphuma. Lokhu kusinda ukuthi izikhumba zishele kumaphoyinti okukhanya—okuyisimo sokugqibela esihlukene kwezinhlobo ezincinci noma ezingafana.

Okuzenza izikhumba ezinde okungazenza izikhumba ezincinci

Izikhumba ezincinci—okukhomba, 3–5 mm ende—zisebenza njengesiqhobolo esingafana nokuthi zinamaphepha okukhanya. Izikhumba zinakha ukuthi zilungiselela ukuthi zikwazi ukugqibela, kodwa akazenza ukuthi zilungiselela ukuthi zilungiselela ukugqibela okuphambili. Ukugqibela kusindelwa kumlando wokuphuma, okusindela ukuthi izikhumba zilungiselela ukuthi zilungiselela noma zishile kusindelwa, kodwa akasindela ukuthi zilungiselela ukuthi zilungiselela.

Amakorogasi amakhulu, ngokuhambisana, acwabela umkhombo obehayi njengamaphathi amanqambo okukhupha. Umphakathi wamanqambo ungena njengendlela yokubuka, futhi umkhombo ungasebenzisa amandla amanqambo ngokuphakanyiswa kwezinyathelo zokugqibela. Le ndlela yokusebenza yamanqambo ayisithembiso sokunakekela amandla okukhupha okuyiyo yokuqondwa kwe-W-beam.

Kunezinkinga zokufaka kuqondile. Amakorogasi amakhulu abeka izindawo zokuvula okuzosinda amanzi ukungafika emkhombeni. Lokhu kungabonakala njengokuningi, kodwa amanzi okusila kuyakhupha ukukhupha, futhi ukukhupha kuyakhiqiza ubude bekhasi lokho—okuyikhipha ngokwesibonelo ukunakekela amandla. I-geometry yama-W-beam iyasebenza ukuvula njengokuthuthukiswa kokukhupha kwamakorogasi.

Iprojekthi eyodlula ebandla laseNingizimu yaseSina yasemphakathi kuleli qhaza. Ithimba lesekhaya lisetha isithuthi esinekukhupha kancane emaphakathini ngokwesikhundla sokubambisana kwesibhedlela ngoba sibe yinkhokelelo encane ngameteru. Ngeminyaka emibili neyeshumi, ukuchitha kwezilwanyana zokushisa nokusika kwamanzi kakhulu kwenza ukuthi isithuthi sishiselwe ngokuphelele, futhi ukubheka kwezinye izinto zokuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi ubunzima bawo bube bephakanyiswa ngaphezu kwe-20% emazinzini amabili. Isithuthi sishelwe ngokusebenzisa isithuthi se-W-beam esihlukene, futhi isithuthi esisha sisebenza ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu neyeshumi ngezinyanga eziningi ngenxa yokuchitha okuncane. Amakukhupha amaningi ayashela amanzi ngokufanele, futhi isikrapi sokugalvanize sisebenza ngokuhle uma akasikwa ngokuphelele.

Isikhundla seThrie-Beam: Inkulu kakhulu, Inkulu kakhulu ekukhuliseni

Isithuthi se-W-beam asiyona kuphela isithuthi esinekukhupha esisendaweni sokubambisana. Isithuthi se-thrie-beam—okungumthwalo we-W-beam ongumfundo wokuqala, okwenza ukuthi kunezikhundla ezintathu zokukhupha kungabi zombili—sinekukhulisa inkulu kakhulu. Isithuthi se-thrie-beam sisetshenziswa ngokuvamile emazinzini apho ukuthi kuyabhekwa ngokukhulu kakhulu noma kuyasebenza ngokukhulu kakhulu izihlombe zokubambisana.

Kodwa i-thrie-beam ibe yinkulu kakhulu, ibe yingcono kakhulu, futhi ibe yinkulungwane yokufaka. Kuzo zonke izinhlanganiso zezindawo zokugcina ezikhulu, i-W-beam esihlukene ngezindlela zokuphatha ngokwezinye zokubeka kuyasebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwesikhundla sokuthengisa, ukusebenza, nokufakwa. I-geometry yasendulwa ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 yokusebenzisa kwenyathelo yasezulwini nokuzama ukuphuma kwezinyathi, futhi isebenza njengokuvamile ngokwesikhundla sokuthengisa.

Abasemthengisi abazi ukuthi ukuthintana phakathi kwezindlela zokuphatha, ubude bokwesikhali, nokukhula kwezinkambo zokugalvanize—njengoba ku-STL Sun—bafaka i-W-beam esebenzisa i-AASHTO M180 ngokuphathelene. Ukuphathelene kubalulekile ngoba ukusondela okuncane kwezindlela zokuphatha noma ubude bokwesikhali kungabangelisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwezinyathi kushintsha kusukela ekupheleni kokuphatha kuya kusukela ekupheleni kokuphatha ngokushisayo. Istanda yasekhona ngokwesikhundla sokuthengisa, futhi abasemthengisi ababiliyo baphathelene nayo ngokuphathelene.