Kungani amathuba okusakaza kwe-ringlock akhuluma kahle kunamathuba okusakaza kwe-frame kumasebe okukhulu?

Ukulinganiswa Okukhulu Okungakwazi Ukugxilwa Ngamathuba Okusakaza Kwe-Frame

Kwesiqhelo esingaphansi kwezindawo eziningi zokuhlala eSewuthu-Afrika ngeminyaka emibili edlule, umphakeli wendawo wabeha izikhumba zokubhala isibhakabhaka esihlukene ngamashumi amathathu ngaphambi kokuba abasemthwakweni bakwakha isibhakabhaka. Basebenzisa isibhakabhaka sesikhumba—lokho okusenziwa ngaphambili ngamakhamba aseH-fame nezikhumba zokugxeka—ngoba lokho ubungumkhangeli wazisombulula. Ngosuku lwe-10, bafika ekupheleni kwesikhumba esingu-60%. Isimo sokubhala sasenza ukuba sibe nempilo yezinkinga: izibhakabhaka zokuhlanjwa, izifunda zokuhlala zokugqibela ngokuphakanyiswa, nokunqula okuphakade okudinga ukusebenzisa izikhumba zokugxeka nezikhumba zokugxeka zokuzenzakalela. Abasemthwakweni bakwakha isibhakabhaka babephuma ngokungafanele ngamashumi ayisithupa. Lokhu kuphela kwezinkathi zokungafanele kwasinda konke okukhuphile kwezinto zokusebenza okusenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibhakabhaka sesikhumba.

Lokhu kusiqhelo esinconywa ngokuphepha ukuthi isibhakabhaka sesikhumba—noma ukuthi kuyinto enzima kakhulu kusukela ekupheleni kwesibhakabhaka esisodwa ngokuphepha, futhi esingasenzi kahle kusukela ekupheleni kwesibhakabhaka—kusha kufana nokuthi kuyinto enzima kakhulu uma ibhldi liyadlula amashumi amashumi ayisishiyenine futhi libe nesikhumbi esincono sokubhala . Isikhakha sesikhombisa sokulinga, ngokuphathelene nako, sifana kakhulu kulezi zimo. Umphumela wokuxhasa akuyiyo kuphela ukuthi kubhekwe eminye imiphumela yamaphesenti; ubungakanani bokuxhasa kuyisibonelo sokufunda okusha ngokuthi izihlangothi ziyasindiswa njani kanye nokuthi isithunzi sishintsha njani ukusuka kwezinto ezithile esikhakheni.

U-Rosette: Indima Yokugcina Yomunye, Izindawo Zokugcina Zibiliyane

Isidingo sokuhlinzeka kuyi-Rosette—indlela yendiza yamaphathi ezingeni elikhulu, eyagcinwa kumkhweba wokuphambuka ngemigqa yezikhathi zokugcina, okukhona ngokwesibini ngameteru amahlanu . Indiza yokuqala noma indiza yokugcina yekhodi yasinda kumkhiyana wokugcina oshilayo okwenzeka ngokugcina kwenye indawo yase-Rosette futhi igcinwa ngokuthi kubheka ngokwesibini . Lokho ke. Akukho zinhloko zokugcina ezizolo, akukho izikhali zokugcina, akukho isitshixo sokubheka izinkundla.

Isikhakha sesikhombisa sokulinga, ngokuphathelene nako, sisebenza ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zokugcina ezithile. Amakhodi aye-H asetshenziswa ukuvumela ubude nobude bezikhombisa, kanye nezikhombisa zokugcina ziyagcina ngokwesibini lokho kusebenza kahle uma konke okwesibayi sifanana. Kodwa emhlanganeni ephakeme ngezintandokazi ezihlukahlukene phakathi kweminye nezinye yamaphansi, amasethethe, noma amaphansi angafanani nemithombo, lezi ziqinisekisiwe zisilinganiso kusenza ukuthi zibe yinkululeko. Konke okuhlinzekayo kufuneka kubhekwe ngamakhono akhethekile noma amasikhumba amathuba-nesikhumba esingasendaweni, okuyoba nokuvaleka kwesikhathi sokubuyisa kuzo izinhlangano zezinhlangano zokuphatha.

I-Rosette iyathola izihlanjwa ngamathegi ayisibhili, okusho ukuthi isithuthu samaqondolo sifanayo siyakwamukela amaqondolo asihlukahlukene, amasikhumba okuphatha emizini yezinye, namaphakade amathuba okuphatha emizini yezinye, futhi amaphakade amathuba okuphatha amacurva ngaphandle kokuthi kwenziwe yiliphi na iliphi ikhono elikhethekile. ukuthi lokhu kusenziwa ngokwesibonelo kusenziwa ngokugcina imizuzu engaphezu kwezinye yezihlanjwa kanye nokugcina amahouru okusolvinga izinkinga zokulinganisa ngokwesibonelo.

Amazwi Okwesibonelo Sokubuyisa: Akukho ukuthi kubhalwe kuphela ukuthi kubhalwe

Izinqombolo eziphathelwe ziyavame ukubonwa ngokujabulisile. Umhlango wokuphatha okwesibini wafindela ukuthi isistimu yamaphathi nezikhumba isebenza emizuzwana emi-300 ukuqala isikhalazi esithile, ngakho-ke i-ringlock isenza lokho ngomzuzwana o-150—ngokukhulu umbili wemisebenzi yomuntu . Isibhalo esinye sasiza i-ringlock ngokugcina izinsuku ezingu-30–50% kusho kwezinye izisitemu zokuphatha zokuzulula, futhi ngokugcina izinsuku ezingu-15–25% kusho kwe-cuplock kwezindlela ezingaphansi kokuphatha .

Kodwa lezi zinombolo zokuphatha. Iphakade yokuphatha iphakade kakhulu kwezindlela eziningi ngoba kunezinto ezingazihlukaniswa ngokuphatha kwemizuzwana emibili: ukuphatha okwesikhundla kude izinkomo zokubeka isikhumba ziyakhulu kwaye zingaba yinkenye yokusebenza kumaplatfomi aphakeme okwenzekayo. Izinkomo zokubeka isikhumba sokurhuluka zinomkhosi omncane ngalinye futhi zihlanganisa ngokuphathelene ngokuphelele—ukuthi i-wedge ibuyiseka ngokuphelele noma ayibuyisi, ngakho akukho ukunciphisa okungabikho ukuthi ukulangana kukhona okuphelele. Lokhu kunciphisa ubunikazi bokufunda kwabantu abasebenzayo, okuyisigaba esikhulu xa usebenza emaphakameni amashumi amane neyishumi, ngezithunzi zokuphuma kwezinye izinto nezindawo ezincinci.

Umsebenzi wezinkambo zaseChina wabonisa ukuthi ubukhulu bekuvula ispani yekhanda lingakanani ku-72 amahora ku-9 amahora ngenkathi uyavula isistimu esise-Ringlock—ukuthi kubhekwe njengokuthi kubiliwe ngamashumi ayisithiyeni (8x improvement) akukho isimo esiphathelene nesikhumba sokufakwa kwezindawo eziningi, kodwa sibonisa ubukhulu bekho lapho isistimu isihlanganisa ubuncane bokwakhiwa.

Kungani u-Wedge-Locking ubenza kakhulu kune- Bolt-Tightening ngalokho konke.

Ukugcina kwendlela yokusebenza kubalulekile kunezinye izincazelo ezingafani. Ukulinkela kwesikhumba sokufakwa kumele umsebenzi awubheka ukuthi indlela yokuqondana yomthwalo nezindlela zokuvula, ukufaka ipini noma ibholti, emva koko ukubeka kahle. Ngokuphindeleka kwesikhumba sokufakwa, lokhu kwenza ukuthi umsebenzi abe ngokwesithembiso. Kodwa ngokufakwa kwezindawo eziningi nesizinda sezinhlobo ezahlukene, umsebenzi akamele ahlale akhombise isikhunga sokulinkela ngalokho konke.

Isimo sokulinkela sika-Ringlock sokulinkela ngokwesikhumba sivimba lokhu. Isikhumba sokulinkela sifakwa ngokwesikhumba sokulinkela, futhi izikhozi ezimbili noma ezintathu ziyabeka kahle. Ukulinkela kuyasebenza ngokwesibonelo—isikhumba sokulinkela sibona izinto ezincane zokwakhiwa nokuguquka kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke ukulinkela kuyabeka kahle ngokwesizinda zokwakhiwa. izizindlela zokuzilungisa ezithile zazibonisa ukuthi indlela yokuzilungisa yokuqondisa isikhombisi esihlukene isinamandla emitha yezinkulungwane ezi-217 zokupheka ngokuphakeme, okuyisilinganiso sesishumi kanye nesikhombisa esingaphansi. .

Kunezinkinga zeziqembu. Umsebenzi wokubeka amasikhombisi emfundo yomkhosi omkhulu ungahlanganisa iziqembu eziningi zezinqambu, iziqembu zesikhombisi esisodwa, nezinqambu zokugcina ngokuphakeme ukusabela umfanekiso owenziwe ngamasikhombisi okungafanele. I-Ringlock isula konke lezi ziqembu ezinye ngoba i-rosette iyasebenza ngokuphelele ekubeni izinkambu zokuphakama. izinqambu ezingafana ziyenza ukuthi ukusortela kufaste, ukuthi ukusetha kufaste, nokuthi kufaste ukuthi ubheke isiqembu esifanele.

Ukuphepha Kwemikhosi Emkhulu: Ukufaste Kuphinda Ngokuphakama

Kusuka kwezindawo ezincane, umahluko phakathi kwezinsuku ezisixhenxe nezinsuku ezisishiyenye kungakwazi ukuthintela isikhathi sokusebenza kakhulu. Kusuka kwezindawo ezinkulu ezingama-50, lezi zinhloko zihlukana kuzo zonke izinsuku eziningi, izindlela eziningi zokusebenza, nokuhlanganiswa okuphelele nesizinda esinye. Ngamuhla wokuthintela isikhathi sokubeka amasikilidi siyimuhla othinta abasebenzi bakwesikhumba, abasebenzi bakwesikhumba sokubeka amasikilidi, noma abasebenzi bakwesikhumba sokugcina.

Umthetho wokubala okusetshenziswa ngokuvamile kulesilimi uyabala isikhathi sokusebenza sokufaka isikhumba esisodwa esisikhombisa i-6-meter ngamahora angu-100 kuma-tube-and-clamp, futhi ukuhlanza ku-50–70 amahora kuma-ringlock . Kusuka kwezindawo ezinkulu lapho isikhumba sifakwa ama-20 noma ama-30, isikhathi sokuthintela sibuyela kuma-hora angu-100—futhi lokhu kungaphansi kokuthintela isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhumba, isikhathi esingaphansi sokuthintela isikhumba, isikhathi esingaphansi sokuthintela isikhumba, nokuthintela isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinye izindawo.

Ukuthi i-ringlock ikhulekile kakhulu ekupheleni kwemithombo ayisibonelo sokufakwa kwezindaba; yilokho okubalulekile kwezindlela zokuxhumana, ukunciphisa amaphakathi, nokwenzeka kokubonakala ngokwezindlela zokuhlanganisa. I-frame scaffolding isebenza kakhulu—kumaqanda okuphelele, okuphinde-phinde, okuqondile kumaqanda okuphelele ku- low- to mid-rise, akhulekile kakhulu. kodwa uma imithombo iphinda izinyathelo eziningi, i-ringlock iphumelela phambili, futhi isibopho siphikisana ngokuphela kakhulu uma imithombo iphela phezulu.

Abasemthengisi bafana no-STL Sun bavulekile ukuproducwa kwabo ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa okuphelele okwenza ukuthi isistimu yokuxhumana ngokwezinkundla zokuxhumana yase-ringlock isebenze kakhulu. Ukulinganisa okuphelele kwezinkundla zokuxhumana, ukulinganisa okuphelele kwezinkundla zokuxhumana, nokulawula ngokuphelele ukuzwa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana—lezi zizinto ezingazange zibe nempilo kodwa ziyiminyaka yokuthi isistimu yokuxhumana yase-ringlock iyasebenza kakhulu kwezindaba zokusebenzisa, akayi kuvideyo yomthengisi.