Ukwenza njani izihlanganisi zokubhola kwezinhloso zokuvula isikhumba sekhanda sokwesithembiso ukuze zilishiywe izihlanganisi zokufaka emhlabeni?

Kungani Abasayensi Bayakhuluma Isigqamelo Kwenkathi

Ukufaka amafutha kubonakala kahle kusuka kwezikhombisa, kodwa ukwesibonelo kuyisibindi. Umoya, ubukhulu bekukhanya nokungafihli kwezindawo zokufaka amafutha kungabeka isiphumo sokufaka amafutha ngokuphelele esilinganweni. Kwezinkulungwane zezilwane, kukhona ukuthanda ukusebenzisa amafutha okugqamisa ngokuphelele njengoba izikhathi ziyakhula futhi kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane zokufaka amafutha ezindawo ezingaphansi. Uma isikhombisa sifakwe ngokugqamisa, ukufaka kuyasebenzisa imithwisi yokuqhamuka nezinkulungwane zokugqamisa kuphela, akukho amafutha okugqamisa noma amafutha okuqhamuka phambi kokufaka. Kwezinye izindawo zokuguqula ezimayelana nezinkulungwane zokuphatha izinkulungwane, umdlalo wokwakha wabhekiswe ekufakweni kwamafutha okugqamisa kwezinkulungwane zokuhamba kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane. Ukuphatha kwendawo yokuphatha izinkulungwane kuzokhathazisa ukuthi akukho dust yokugqamisa noma amafutha okugqamisa aphakathi kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane. Isigaba sekholi yezinkulungwane sishintsha izikhombisa kuze kube yezinkulungwane zokufakwa emkhambini noma kwezinkulungwane zokufakwa ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane. Konke okufakwa kwezinkulungwane kufakwa emkhambini yezinkulungwane, futhi abantu bafaka amafutha ngokugqamisa ngomhla wokugqamisa kwezindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane. Lokhu kubiza iziprojekthi ezingaphezu kwezinye ukuthi zisebenzise amafutha okugqamisa, akukho kuphela ukuthi kusheshile, kodwa ukuthi kubonakala kahle.

Izindlela Zokuthumela Umongo Wokuphakamisa Kwezinkqubo Zokubhakisha

Ibholthi ayiyona umkhakha wokugqibela okuphakathi kwezinkqubo zokugqibela. Iyathumela umthelela ngokubeka, ngokuthwala kwezinye izinto, noma ngokuthwala kwezinkqubo, kusukela ekufaneni kokuthwala kwezinkqubo. Izinkqubo zokubeka zivumela ukuthi ibholthi iyabeka emhlabathini wokubeka uma iziphephethi zihlalela, okubonakala njengokungafanele kodwa kusebenza kahle uma ukuthwala kwezinkqubo kuyisiphumo esikhulu. Izinkqubo zokuhlalela kuzo zikhipha iziphephethi kakhulu ukuze ukuthwala kuthumelwe ngokuthwala phakathi kwezinye iziphephethi, okusho ukuthi ibholthi ayithwali ngokubeka kwezincwadi ngokusebenza. Ukukhetha kuyaphendula kuthi inkqubo ingayifanele ukuthola ukuthwala okuncane. Kumaframe wokubhala amaqanda okuhamba kwezintaba ezihlalela ngokuphinda kabusha, izinkqubo zokuhlalela zikhiyela izinkqubo zokuhlalela zokubhala amaqanda ozokubhala amaqanda okuhamba kwezintaba ezihlalela ngokuphinda kabusha, okuzoba kubhala amaqanda okuhamba kwezintaba ezihlalela ngokuphinda kabusha. Abalimi bakhokha umthelela okudingekayo ngokwesiqephu sikaAISC 360-22, emva koko isithili sithumela ukuthwala okufanayo kwezinkqubo noma indlela yokuthwala. Ukujabula ukuthwala kwenye i-bolt group kusiza ukungafanele ukuthi kubhekwe izinkqubo ezihlukahlukene kusuka kwezinkqubo ezihlukahlukene, apho ibholthi enenhle yokuqonda iyathwala umthelela mpaka iyayilahlela.

Ukukhetha Iintlobo Neemvelo Zebholthi Zokugqitywa Kwizinto Zokugqitywa

I-A325 ne-A490 ziyizinto ezikhulu zokugqitywa ngamandla kakhulu kwisakhiwo sesilayi, kodwa i-2016 yokulungisa kwi-ASTM F3125 yavumela zibekwe emnye isifunda. I-Grade A325 isebenza njengesiphumo sokuvumelana kuzo zonke iindlela zokwakha, ngakumbi i-Grade A490 inamandla amaningi kodwa inomthelela wokuba ayikwazi ukubuyela kusuka kwenye indlela. Kuzo zizinto zokugqitywa ezingenayo ukuthi ziqondwe ngokupheleleyo, njengezinto zokugqitywa zezinyawo zokuhangisa, imvelo yebholthi kufuneka ibe nendlela yokugqitywa okufanelekileyo. Iibholthi ezinagqabi zinazimiselela ukuzinika ngokupheleleyo ngoba ubude beqabi libuyela kubeka ubomi bokunyathela. Ukuphindeka okupheleleyo okanye amanqina enkqubo yokunyathela abe lona kufuneka ukufikelela kumandla okupheleleyo. Kwi-bridge yobudlelane enenziwe ngokubonakala, umsebenzisi wabonisa ukusebenzisa iibholthi ezinagqabi ngokwamanje nesifundo esingaphambili ukuze kufikelele kwezinyathelo zokubhala zomkhathi wokukhanya ngaphandle kokukhupha ukubuyela kwezinyathelo zokunyathela. Ithabeli elandelayo inqamula izinto zokugqitywa eziphambili nezisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo xa ukusakha kwezinyawo kususwe kusuka kwezinyathelo.

Ukukhetha akuyiyo kuphela ukubheka itable. Konke okufanayo nokubhisha, amawashaya, nokudelela kwezinyathelo ziyakuthintela isiphumo sokuphakamisa.

Ukudlela amasimbi okubhola nezindawo zokuphuma kwezifundo

Ukugqamisa okuphelele kwe-bolt kuyadlula ngokwakho kwe-hole, akukho bolt. Izihole zezindilinga ziyisikhombisa 1/16 inch kude kwe-diameter yebolt, kodwa izihole ezi-delela futhi ezinomlando zinikela abasebenzisi amandla okuhamba xa izikolomu zifakwa emaphakathi kwe-anchor rods ozizwe nge-½ inch. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuthi kunezinkinga ezithile. Izihole ezi-delela zokugqamisa okuphelele kuzo kufanele zibe ne-washers ezi-hardened futhi kungabonakala ukuthi kusinda isikhathi sokusebenza. Ukubhala kwezinhlobo kufanele kubhekiselele eminye imininingwane yezindawo zokuphakama kwe-edge futhi ukuphakama kwebolt njengoba kuchazwa ku-Table J3.4 yokuqondisa kwe-AISC. Uma i-edge yephlathi liyedlula kude, isitayile singathwala phansi kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi ibolt iyishaya. Kunesibonelo, umsebenzisi wabona ukuthi kubekho isiphetho esingasemthethweni lapho umphakathi wezihole zebolt wabuyiselwa ukuze kufanele kubuyekeke isitayile, okwakukhula ukuphakama kwe-edge kumbani kwe-1.25 inch yokubhalwa kwe-3/4 inch bolt. Isiphetho kwakukuba kubuyiswe iphlathi lokugqamisa kude kakhulu, akukho ukubuyisa ukuthi kwenziwe isikhombisa. Amasithili asebenzisa izihole zokuphuma noma ukudrill kancane kancane futhi kubuyiselwa ukuthi kubuyiselwe kahle, okwakukhula ukuthi kubuyiselwe kahle izihlobo futhi kususwa izimicro cracks ozizwe ngokuphuma.

Ukuqondana kwezinkokhelo zokugcina nokuzinikela

Onjiniyela bakhetha phakathi kokuxhuma okubucayi nokuthwala izinto lapho besanda kwakha. Lesi sinqumo sifinyelela kuyo yonke iphrojekthi: imininingwane yokumboza, ukulungiswa kobuso be-faying, nenqubo yokufaka amabhawodi konke kuyashintsha. Izindwangu ezibucayi ezihambisanayo zidinga izindawo ezingenayo i-mill scale kanye nomlingani ochaziwe wokuxubana, okuqinisekiswe ngamakhodi okuhlola noma okuhlola. Ukuhlanganiswa kohlobo lwe-bearing kwamukela izindawo ezipendwe nge-faying kodwa kuncike kuma-bolts abambelela odongeni lomgodi, ekugcineni olwelula umgodi ngaphansi kokulayishwa okuphindaphindiwe. Ukuze kube nesipikili eside esakhiwe ngezigaba futhi sahlanganiswa endaweni, kwakuvunyelwe ukuba kube nokuxhumeka kohlobo lwe-bearing lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izintambo ngoba ukugoba komthwalo okufile kwakungaguquguquki futhi kuqondiswe, ngakho-ke amabhawodi ayefakwa kanye futhi ahlale lapho. Nokho, ukuxhumana kokuqinisa izinhlangothi kwakubekwe njengokubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukugoba kancane ngesikhathi umoya uphambuka. Umehluko wezindleko ungokoqobo: ukulungiselela izindawo zokubopha futhi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-bolt kunezela amahora ohlelweni lwesitolo, kodwa lawo mahora namanje mancane kunenye indlela yokushisela ensimini nokuhlola ukuphakama.

Ukuthi Ukugcina Okwakhiwe Kusendlini Kusinika Ukuziphatha Okwanele Kwesikhathi Sokufaka Emhlabeni

Ngakafani ukuthi ubhulokhi be-CNC bungakanani obuhle, ubukhona kubhekwa kwenkqubo yokuqala yokugcina. Ukugcina kwezinto zonke noma ezinye kusendaweni sokusebenza kubonisa ukuthi izikhumba zokubhulokha zingahambanani phambi kokuthi isitayile sifike emotokho. Isisekelo esihle sokugcina kwezinkqubo eziyisisekelo kuyokugcina kwezinqamuzi zezincwadi zokuhlakaza, ukufaka amapini wezinhlobo kumathuba amaningi amakhulu, kwaye ukuphepha amabholthi amaningi okuvumela ukuthi ahlale kahle. Ukuskena ngolaser ngokuqala kokugcina kusenza rekodi yedijithali eyahlukanisa ubude lwesikhumba lomkhakha ngekhombiso le-BIM. Kwenye iphrojekthi yemithombo yezindustria, ukugcina kusendaweni sokusebenza kubonisa ukuthi ubude lwesikhumba lomkhakha kwezincwadi ezintathu zokuhlakaza zilapha izikhumba zokubhulokha ngokuphakanyiswa kwesikhumba ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-3/32 inch kuleli gama lika-20 labholthi. Ngakafani nokubhulokha kabusha emhlabeni ngolubhulokhi lwe-mag, umphakathi wabheka izikhumba kweplathi yamaphakade ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhumba ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhumba kwezinye kanye nokubheka ngokuphakanyiswa kwezikhumba zokubhulokha. Lokhu kucatshangwa kuphela ngoba ubuhle bukwenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi isitayile sibheke kwezincwadi zokuhlakaza. Izimpendulo ze-RCSC zivumela ukugcina njengendlela ekuvumekileyo yokubonisa ukuthi izikhumba zokubhulokha ziyasebenza kahle, futhi abaningi abavumela lokhu baziya kubhala njengendlela eyidingekayo yokuxhumana.

Umklamo ophumelelayo wokuxhuma nge-bolted uthatha indawo yokuxhuma endaweni yokusebenza ngomsebenzi ongahlolwa, uqiniswe futhi ushintshwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zasesitolo. Lokhu kususa ingozi endaweni enomoya omningi kuya endaweni yokukhiqiza lapho izinkinobho zokulungisa izinto nezihluthulelo ezihlolwayo kuyinsakavukela khona. I-STEEL Shanghai Import & Export Co., Ltd. yenza lolu hlobo lwezinto ezivamile ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zayo, okusiza abasebenzi basendaweni ukuba bafike endaweni yesehlakalo ngensimbi ehlanganiswa ngendlela imodeli ye-3D eyayithembise ngayo.